Range of motion refers to the distance and direction a joint moves between a flexed (bent) position and an extended (stretched) position. It also refers to therapeutic exercises designed to increase this distance in a joint's movement.

A number of health issues contribute to restricted range of motion, including:

• Problems with body mechanics
• Swelling
• Inflammation
• Muscle spasms
• Infection
• Disease, such as arthritis

There are three types of range of motion exercises:

Passive Range of Motion (PROM): With PROM, the client applies no effort to move the joint, which is moved through a variety of stretching exercises by a physical therapist or with the help of equipment.

Active Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM): With AAROM, the client uses the muscles around a weak joint to complete stretching exercises with the help of a physical therapist or equipment.

Active Range of Motion (AROM): With AROM, the client performs stretching exercises, moving the muscles around a weak joint without any aid.